Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis after blunt scrotal trauma (10 years experience)

Objectives:To evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US) and its accuracy; sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of testicular rupture after blunt scrotal trauma. Moreover; tunica albuginea breach; testicular hematoma; testis avulsion; epididymal injuries and hematocele are particularly examined. Patients and Methods: Between 1998 and 2008; 24 patients presented to Suez Canal University Hospital after blunt scrotal trauma and underwent surgical exploration. All patients had an emergency scrotal US examination with the use of a 7.5-10 MHz linear transducer. US findings were compared with the surgical findings to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of US for each type of lesion. Results: Out of 24 patients; 12 were diagnosed as having testicular rupture and tunica albuginea breach was visualized on US in 6 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of US were 92and 50for testicular rupture; 85and 75for hematocele; 80and 79for testicular hematoma; and 100 and 96 for testicular avulsion; respectively. US diagnosis of epididymal injuries was poor as it failed to detect 3 out of 5 epididymal lesions. Conclusion: US was highly sensitive in the diagnosis of testis rupture. This can provide information on the integrity of the scrotal contents that can help the physician to determine the optimal treatment

The Impact of preservation of the prostatic apex on the urodynamic characteristics in different orthotopic ileal reservoirs

Objective This study was carried out to evaluate the urodynamic characteristics of the Camey II; Kock's and W-configured ileal reservoirs utilized for orthotopic urinary diversion. Patients and Methods Between January 2000 and 2002; 42 male patients prospectively underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer followed by orthotopic urinary diversion at the urology department of Cairo University hospitals. All cases were evaluated clinically; bacteriologically; radiologically and urodynamically including uroflowmetry; medium-fill and voiding enterocystometry and urethral pressure profilometry; which was done in the early and late postoperative period (at 3-6 months and 6-18 months). Patients were divided into four groups: Group I: 11 cases with preservation of the prostatic apex and creation of a W-neobladder. Group II: 11 cases without prostatic apex preservation and creation of a W-shaped ileal pouch. Group III: 12 cases without prostatic apex preservation and creation of a Camey II pouch. Group IV: 8 cases without prostatic apex preservation and creation of a Kock's pouch. Results The patients of Group I had a larger mean neobladder capacity (699 ml) and volume at which the first contraction occurred (315 ml) and a larger amount of residual urine (224 ml) as compared to Group II (511.1; 285 and 77.5 ml; respectively); Group III (375; 200 and 55 ml; respectively) and Group IV (563; 266 and 600 ml; respectively). Also Group I with a preserved prostatic apex had a higher mean intraluminal opening pressure (55 cm H2O) and a higher pressure at maximum flow (62.36 cm H20) as compared to the patients with complete prostatic resection. Conclusion We conclude that the patients with a preserved prostatic apex (Group I) had a statistically significant higher mean residual urine in the early and late postoperative period and a significantly higher mean maximum cystometric capacity in the late postoperative period as compared to those recorded in patients with complete prostatic resection (Groups II; III; IV). A higher incidence of upper tract deterioration was detected in Group I (35) vs. 4.6; 27.8and 12.5in Groups II; III and IV; respectively

Complications of orthortopic ileal reservoirs

Objectives To evaluate the early and late postoperative complications; upper urinary tract morphology and function and metabolic alterations which may occur after ileal continent orthotopic urinary diversion. Patients and Methods Between July 1999 and January 2001; 42 male patients were subjected to radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer and orthotopic urinary diversion at the urology departments of Cairo University and Suez Canal University Hospitals. All cases were evaluated clinically; bacteriologically; urodynamically and radiologically during the early and late postoperative periods (at 3 - 6 months and 6 - 18 months; respectively). The patients were divided into three groups: in Group I (22 cases) a W neobladder was fashioned with the uretero-ileal anastomosis done by creating extramural serosally lined tunnels. In Group II (12 cases) a Camey II pouch was done with ureteroileal anastomosis by direct end-to-end anastomosis in four and by Le Duc technique in eight pouches. In Group III (8 cases) a Kock's pouch was done with the ureters being directly implanted in the afferent loop above the constructed intussusception ileal nipple valve. In all types of reservoirs we used 45 cm of the ileum. Preoperatively all but four ureters were normal. These four ureters were dilated and uretero-ileal anastomosis was done by extramural serosally lined tunnels. Results In the early follow-up period total diurnal continence was achieved in 72; 75and 75of the patients of Groups I; II and III; respectively; versus 91; 83and 88in the late postoperative period. Nocturnal continence was achieved in 64; 67and 63during the early postoperative period compared to 73; 75and 75in the postoperative period for the three groups; respectively. In the early postoperative period complications occurred in 33of the patients including ureteroileal leakage (9.5); a prolonged pouchourethral anastomotic leakage (11.9); wound dehiscence (4.7); deep venous thrombosis (2.3); bronchopneumonia (2.3) and a prolonged ileus (2.3). Late complications occurred in 26.2of the patients including urethral recurrence; pelvic recurrence and urethroileal anastomotic stricture in 4.8; 14.2; 4.8; respectively and urethral stricture at the bulbomembranous junction in 2.4. A higher incidence of renal deterioration was detected in cases where the ureters were implanted directly (60) or in cases where the ureters were implanted by Le Duc technique (30). Deterioration was noted in 12.5of the cases where the ureters were implanted in an intussusception nipple valve and in 4.5of the renal units where the ureters were implanted in an extramural serosally lined tunnel. At 9 months postoperatively metabolic acidosis occurred in one patient with a Camey II neobladder. Conclusion A number of early and late postoperative complications were encountered after orthotopic neobladder. Metabolic complications were found in the form of metabolic acidosis in one patient. The lowest incidence of renal deterioration was reported in cases with extramural serosally lined ureteroileal anastomosis